Sore Throat

Sore throat is an infection of the upper respiratory tract characterized by pain, dryness, or irritation of the throat, especially when swallowing. It can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Most cases are due to viral infections, which often resolve without treatment, while bacterial infections may require antibiotics.

Parts of the throat commonly affected are:

• Tonsils
• Larynx
• Pharynx

Causes of Sore Throat

• Bacterial infection
• Viral infection
• Allergies
• Climate change
• Exposure to air pollutants
• Abnormal growth of cells in the throat
• Gastric reflux
• Trauma or injury to the throat or associated structures

Signs and Symptoms

• Irritation of the throat
• Dryness of the throat
• Scratchy throat
• Burning sensation
• Swollen tonsils
• White patches on the tonsils
• Sneezing
• Nasal congestion
• Hoarseness of voice
• Headache
• Catarrh
• Loss of appetite due to pain when swallowing
• Inability to swallow due to pain

Management of Pharyngitis (Sore Throat)

Management depends on the cause of the sore throat. Here are some approaches:

✅ Gargle with warm salt water to relieve throat irritation, reduce swelling, and break down secretions.
✅ Stay hydrated with plenty of fluids to combat dryness.
✅ Soothe the throat with lozenges (e.g., Strepsils) to reduce pain.
✅ Use humidified air or inhale steam to reduce throat dryness.
✅ Rest your voice; avoid high-pitched singing or shouting.
✅ Consult a doctor or pharmacist for medications such as:

• Analgesics
• Cough syrups
• Antibiotics (if bacterial infection is confirmed)

✅ If caused by an allergy, identify the allergen and avoid it.
✅ Use a face mask in dusty environments to prevent irritation.
✅ Avoid throat trauma or injury.
✅ For gastric reflux-related sore throat, antacids can help.
✅ Use honey for its soothing properties; mix with tea or warm water to reduce swelling and speed healing.
✅ Gargle with baking soda solution to kill bacteria and prevent further growth.
✅ Suck on garlic for its antibacterial properties and ability to fight infections like the common cold.

Prevention of Pharyngitis (Sore Throat)

❇️ Avoid exposure to pollutants, or wear a face mask if necessary.
❇️ Stay away from allergens that trigger your symptoms.
❇️ Avoid contact with individuals who have colds or the flu.
❇️ Refrain from consuming overly spicy foods.
❇️ Prevent trauma or injury to the throat.